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How do companies like Intellicheck or Jumio validate drivers licenses? Is there a service from government offices like the DMV that they can check against? Are they simply just visually inspecting the IDs without government validation?
There is a government program called E-Verify (here's the link) that helps employers verify the identities and work eligibility of potential employees.
All identification cards issued in the United States must now meet the Real ID standards (link to Homeland Security page on this). No doubt there are other methods, but these are two ways that I know of.
Is there a service from government offices like the DMV that they can check against?
Yes. At least some State governments seem to provide online services that allow to check a license based on its digits:
https://services.flhsmv.gov/dlcheck/?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
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